:idqaM Jh uank nsoh jkttkr dk vn~Hkqr] vykSfdd] vrqyuh;] vfr çkphu] vfoLej.kh; vkSj vfr nqyZHk iM+ko
:idqM ds ^:i* dk ^jgL;*
larks"k csatoky
peksyh tuin ds lhekar nsoky fodkl[kaM esa uankdksV] uank?kkV vkSj f='kwy tSls fo'kky fgef'k[kjksa dh Nkao esa pêkuksa vkSj iRFkjksa ds foLrkj ds chp vofLFkr :idqaM ,d ,slk euksje LFky gS] tks viuh LokLF;o/kZd tyok;q] fnO;] vuwBs jgL;e; Lo:i vkSj u;ukfHkjke –n`';ksa ds fy, tkuk tkrk gSA ekU;rk gS fd ,d ckj dSyk'k tkrs le; nsoh uank dks I;kl yxhA uank ds lw[ks gksaB ns[k Hkxoku f'ko us pkjksa vksj ns[kk] ijarq dgha ikuh ugha fn[kkbZ fn;kA lks mUgksaus viuk f='kwy /kjrh ij xkM+ fn;k vkSj ogka ls dqaMkdkj esa ty/kkjk QwV iM+hA uank us dqaM ls ikuh fi;k vkSj mlds LPPN ty esa Lo;a dks f'ko ds lkFk ,dkdkj ns[k vkuafnr gks mBhA rc ls ;g dqaM :idqaM vkSj f'ko v¼Zukjh'oj dgyk,A ;gka dk ioZr f='kwy vkSj uank&?kqa?kVh] mlls fudyus okyh
ty/kkjk uankfduh dgykbZA
leqnzry ls 5029 ehVj
(16499 QhV) fd
ÅpkbZ ij
fLFkr
:idqaM ftlds pkjks vkSj Åps&Åps cQZ ds Xysf'k;j gSaA ;g >hy ;gk¡ ij feyus okys ujdadkyksa ds dkj.k dkQh pfpZr gSaA ;gk¡ ij xfeZ;ksa eSa cQZ fi?kyus ds lkFk gh dgh ij Hkh ujdadky fn[kkbZ nsuk vke ckr gSaA ;gk¡ rd fd >hy ds vanj ns[kus ij Hkh rygVh eSa Hkh ujdadky iM+s fn[krs gSaA ;gk¡ ij lcls igyk ujdadky 1942 eSa [kkst x;k FkkA rc ls vc rd ;gk¡ ij lSdM+ksa ujdadky fey pqds gSaA ftles gj mez o fyax ds dadky 'kkfey gSaA ;gk¡ ij brus lkjs ujdadky vk;s dSls blds ckjs eSa rhu vyx vyx dgkfu;ka çpfyr gSaA bfrgkl ds iUuksa esa mYysf[kr gS fd 40 xq.kk 30 QhV yackbZ&pkSM+kbZ esa fleVh Hk;kud fgedxkjksa;qä dqaM vkd`fr okyh bl fgekuh >hy dk uke loZçFke
1898 esa fczfV'k vUos"kdksa dks Kkr gqvkA 1907 esa f='kwyh vfHk;ku ij fudys ykSaxLVkQ gksedqaM xyh (ikl) rd igqaps FksA mUgksaus ogka vfLFk&iatj] pIiy vkfn oLrqvksa dk mYys[k viuh iqLrd esa fd;k gSA 1927 esa vYeksM+k ds fMIVh dfe'uj jVyst us vk/kqfud ioZrkjksg.k midj.kksa ls ySl gksdj f='kwyh vfHk;ku fd;k] ijarq os Hkh gksedqaM xyh ls vkxs ugha c<+ ldsA 1883 esa iqu: xzkãk us Hkh blh jkLrs ls ,d vlQy ioZrkjksg.k vfHk;ku fd;k FkkA 1942 esa ou foHkkx ds ,d vf/kdkjh e/koky vkSj LdkfV'k ys-gsfeYVu tc :idqaM igqaps rks mUgsa Hkh pIiysa vkSj vfLFk vo'ks"k çkIr gq, FksA 1955 esa e/koky dks fQj rRdkyhu miou ea=h txeksgu flag usxh ds lkFk ogka tkus dk volj feyk vkSj rc :idqaM ds dadkyksa ds u`oa'k dk vkSj ,sfrgkfldrk dk vUos"k.k vkjaHk gqvkA fu"d"kZ ;g fudyk fd ;s vo'ks"k de ls de 650 o"kZ iqjkus gSa] ftlesa 150 o"kZ dh o`f¼ ;k deh dh tk ldrh gSAyksd ekU;rkvksa vkSj dFkkvksa esa dUukSt ds jktk ;'k/koy dh lsuk ds lkFk dSyk'k dh ;k=k nsoh ds dqfir gksus ls lSdM+ksa lSfudksa ,oa yksxksa ds fgef'k[kjksa ds uhps :idqaM ds lehi nc tkus ls ekSr gksus dk ftØ gSA ;s ujdadky mUgha yksxksa ds gSaA lkfgR;dkj ;equk nÙk oS".ko dgrs gSa fd x<+oky ds dqN lhekar xkaoksa esa eqnksZ dks Åaps&Åaps fgedqaMksa rd ys tkdj folftZr djus dh çFkk gSA ek.kk (12 gtkj QhV) xkao ds yksx vius e`rdksa dks lrksiaFk dqaM (18 gtkj QhV) rd ys tkdj folftZr djrs gSaA laHko gS fd #ædqaM (:idqaM) ,slk gh 'e'kku gks] tgka çkphudky esa dR;wj dsyksx Hkh vius eqnksZ dks mudh ln~xfr ds fy, oSrj.kh dks ikj djkdj Mky tkrs gksaA vkt Hkh gka bl >hy dks ns[kus jgs gSaA
vksyksa dh ,d Hk;adj ckfj'k
1942 esa gq, ,d fjlpZ ls gfì;ksa ds bl jkt ij FkksM+h jks'kuh
iM+ ldrh gSA fjlpZ ds vuqlkj VªsdlZ dk ,d xzqi ;gka gqbZ
vksyko`f"V esa Qal x;k ftlesa lHkh dh vpkud vkSj nnZukd ekSr gks
xbZA gfì;ksa ds ,Dl&js vkSj vU; VsLV~l esa ik;k x;k fd gfì;ksa esa njkjsa iM+h gqbZ
Fkha ftlls irk pyrk gS fd de ls de fØdsV dh cky dh lkbt ds cjkcj vksys jgs
gksaxsA ogka de ls de 35 fdeh rd dksbZ xkao ugha Fkk vkSj flj Nqikus dh dksbZ txg Hkh ugha FkhA vkadM+ksa ds vk/kkj ij ekuk tk ldrk gS fd ;g ?kVuk 850 bZ0 ds vkl ikl dh jgh gksxhA
uank nsoh dk çdksi
LFkkuh; yksxksa ds ekus rks muds vuqlkj ,d ckj ,d jktk ftldk uke tl/kkoy Fkk] uank nsoh dh rhFkZ ;k=k ij fudykA mldks larku dh çkfIr gksus okyh Fkh blfy, oks nsoh ds n'kZu djuk pkgrk FkkA LFkkuh; iafMrksa us jktk dks brus HkO; lekjksg ds lkFk nsoh n'kZu tkus dks euk fd;kA tSlk fd r; Fkk] bl rjg ds tksj&'kksj vkSj fn[kkos okys lekjksg ls nsoh ukjkt gks xbZa vkSj lcdks ekSr ds ?kkV mrkj fn;kA jktk] mldh jkuh vkSj vkus okyh larku dks lHkh ds lkFk [kRe dj fn;k x;kA feys vo'ks"kksa esa dqN pwfM+;ka vkSj vU; xgus feys ftlls irk pyrk gS fd lewg esa efgyk,a Hkh ekStwn FkhaA rks vxj vki lqijuSpqjy vkSj nsoh&nsorkvksa esa fo'okl djrs gSa rks bl dgkuh dks eku ldrs gSaA vius lkFk fdlh LFkkuh; O;fä dks ys tkb, vkSj jkr ds le; ;g dgkuh muls lqfu,A vkids jksaxVs t:j [kM+s gks tk,axsA ogha ,d nwljh fdonarh ds eqrkfcd frCcr esa 1841 esa gq, ;q¼ ds nkSjku lSfudksa dk ,d lewg bl eqf'dy jkLrs ls xqtj jgk FkkA ysfdu oks jkLrk HkVd x, vkSj [kks x, vkSj dHkh feys ughaA gkykafd ;g ,d fQYeh IykV tSlk yxrk gS ij ;gka feyus okyh gfì;ksa ds ckjs esa ;g dFkk Hkh [kwc çpfyr gSA
nck gS vjckas dk [ktkuk
:idqaM ds ckjs esa tc irk pyk rks ml le; ;g dksbZ
vpaHkk ugha Fkk vkSj Fkk HkhA le; ds lkFk blds ckjs esa
tSls&tSls izpkfjr gksrk x;k oSls&oSls ;gka ds ckjs esa dbZ
dgkfu;ka lkeus vk;h vkSj LFkkuh; yksxksa dh enn ls budh iqf"V
Hkh gqbZA:idqaM ds jgL; ds ckjs esa tc ;g lekpkj i=ksa esa izdkf'kr fd;k
x;k fd >hy esa vjcksa dk [ktkuk fNik gS rks iwjh nqfu;k ;gka vkus yxh vkSj /khjs&
/khjs ;g bruk izpkfjr gks x;k fd ;gka ns'k&fons'k ls ehfM;k dk tekoM+k yxus yxkA ysfdu
:idqaaM ds :i ds jgL; ds ckjs esa vkt fnu rd dksbZ Li"V tkudkjh vkt fnurd fdlh ds ikl ugha gSA
:idqM ds ^:i* dk ^jgL;*
larks"k csatoky
peksyh tuin ds lhekar nsoky fodkl[kaM esa uankdksV] uank?kkV vkSj f='kwy tSls fo'kky fgef'k[kjksa dh Nkao esa pêkuksa vkSj iRFkjksa ds foLrkj ds chp vofLFkr :idqaM ,d ,slk euksje LFky gS] tks viuh LokLF;o/kZd tyok;q] fnO;] vuwBs jgL;e; Lo:i vkSj u;ukfHkjke –n`';ksa ds fy, tkuk tkrk gSA ekU;rk gS fd ,d ckj dSyk'k tkrs le; nsoh uank dks I;kl yxhA uank ds lw[ks gksaB ns[k Hkxoku f'ko us pkjksa vksj ns[kk] ijarq dgha ikuh ugha fn[kkbZ fn;kA lks mUgksaus viuk f='kwy /kjrh ij xkM+ fn;k vkSj ogka ls dqaMkdkj esa ty/kkjk QwV iM+hA uank us dqaM ls ikuh fi;k vkSj mlds LPPN ty esa Lo;a dks f'ko ds lkFk ,dkdkj ns[k vkuafnr gks mBhA rc ls ;g dqaM :idqaM vkSj f'ko v¼Zukjh'oj dgyk,A ;gka dk ioZr f='kwy vkSj uank&?kqa?kVh] mlls fudyus okyh
ty/kkjk uankfduh dgykbZA
leqnzry ls 5029 ehVj
(16499 QhV) fd
ÅpkbZ ij
fLFkr
:idqaM ftlds pkjks vkSj Åps&Åps cQZ ds Xysf'k;j gSaA ;g >hy ;gk¡ ij feyus okys ujdadkyksa ds dkj.k dkQh pfpZr gSaA ;gk¡ ij xfeZ;ksa eSa cQZ fi?kyus ds lkFk gh dgh ij Hkh ujdadky fn[kkbZ nsuk vke ckr gSaA ;gk¡ rd fd >hy ds vanj ns[kus ij Hkh rygVh eSa Hkh ujdadky iM+s fn[krs gSaA ;gk¡ ij lcls igyk ujdadky 1942 eSa [kkst x;k FkkA rc ls vc rd ;gk¡ ij lSdM+ksa ujdadky fey pqds gSaA ftles gj mez o fyax ds dadky 'kkfey gSaA ;gk¡ ij brus lkjs ujdadky vk;s dSls blds ckjs eSa rhu vyx vyx dgkfu;ka çpfyr gSaA bfrgkl ds iUuksa esa mYysf[kr gS fd 40 xq.kk 30 QhV yackbZ&pkSM+kbZ esa fleVh Hk;kud fgedxkjksa;qä dqaM vkd`fr okyh bl fgekuh >hy dk uke loZçFke
1898 esa fczfV'k vUos"kdksa dks Kkr gqvkA 1907 esa f='kwyh vfHk;ku ij fudys ykSaxLVkQ gksedqaM xyh (ikl) rd igqaps FksA mUgksaus ogka vfLFk&iatj] pIiy vkfn oLrqvksa dk mYys[k viuh iqLrd esa fd;k gSA 1927 esa vYeksM+k ds fMIVh dfe'uj jVyst us vk/kqfud ioZrkjksg.k midj.kksa ls ySl gksdj f='kwyh vfHk;ku fd;k] ijarq os Hkh gksedqaM xyh ls vkxs ugha c<+ ldsA 1883 esa iqu: xzkãk us Hkh blh jkLrs ls ,d vlQy ioZrkjksg.k vfHk;ku fd;k FkkA 1942 esa ou foHkkx ds ,d vf/kdkjh e/koky vkSj LdkfV'k ys-gsfeYVu tc :idqaM igqaps rks mUgsa Hkh pIiysa vkSj vfLFk vo'ks"k çkIr gq, FksA 1955 esa e/koky dks fQj rRdkyhu miou ea=h txeksgu flag usxh ds lkFk ogka tkus dk volj feyk vkSj rc :idqaM ds dadkyksa ds u`oa'k dk vkSj ,sfrgkfldrk dk vUos"k.k vkjaHk gqvkA fu"d"kZ ;g fudyk fd ;s vo'ks"k de ls de 650 o"kZ iqjkus gSa] ftlesa 150 o"kZ dh o`f¼ ;k deh dh tk ldrh gSAyksd ekU;rkvksa vkSj dFkkvksa esa dUukSt ds jktk ;'k/koy dh lsuk ds lkFk dSyk'k dh ;k=k nsoh ds dqfir gksus ls lSdM+ksa lSfudksa ,oa yksxksa ds fgef'k[kjksa ds uhps :idqaM ds lehi nc tkus ls ekSr gksus dk ftØ gSA ;s ujdadky mUgha yksxksa ds gSaA lkfgR;dkj ;equk nÙk oS".ko dgrs gSa fd x<+oky ds dqN lhekar xkaoksa esa eqnksZ dks Åaps&Åaps fgedqaMksa rd ys tkdj folftZr djus dh çFkk gSA ek.kk (12 gtkj QhV) xkao ds yksx vius e`rdksa dks lrksiaFk dqaM (18 gtkj QhV) rd ys tkdj folftZr djrs gSaA laHko gS fd #ædqaM (:idqaM) ,slk gh 'e'kku gks] tgka çkphudky esa dR;wj dsyksx Hkh vius eqnksZ dks mudh ln~xfr ds fy, oSrj.kh dks ikj djkdj Mky tkrs gksaA vkt Hkh gka bl >hy dks ns[kus jgs gSaA
vksyksa dh ,d Hk;adj ckfj'k
1942 esa gq, ,d fjlpZ ls gfì;ksa ds bl jkt ij FkksM+h jks'kuh
iM+ ldrh gSA fjlpZ ds vuqlkj VªsdlZ dk ,d xzqi ;gka gqbZ
vksyko`f"V esa Qal x;k ftlesa lHkh dh vpkud vkSj nnZukd ekSr gks
xbZA gfì;ksa ds ,Dl&js vkSj vU; VsLV~l esa ik;k x;k fd gfì;ksa esa njkjsa iM+h gqbZ
Fkha ftlls irk pyrk gS fd de ls de fØdsV dh cky dh lkbt ds cjkcj vksys jgs
gksaxsA ogka de ls de 35 fdeh rd dksbZ xkao ugha Fkk vkSj flj Nqikus dh dksbZ txg Hkh ugha FkhA vkadM+ksa ds vk/kkj ij ekuk tk ldrk gS fd ;g ?kVuk 850 bZ0 ds vkl ikl dh jgh gksxhA
uank nsoh dk çdksi
LFkkuh; yksxksa ds ekus rks muds vuqlkj ,d ckj ,d jktk ftldk uke tl/kkoy Fkk] uank nsoh dh rhFkZ ;k=k ij fudykA mldks larku dh çkfIr gksus okyh Fkh blfy, oks nsoh ds n'kZu djuk pkgrk FkkA LFkkuh; iafMrksa us jktk dks brus HkO; lekjksg ds lkFk nsoh n'kZu tkus dks euk fd;kA tSlk fd r; Fkk] bl rjg ds tksj&'kksj vkSj fn[kkos okys lekjksg ls nsoh ukjkt gks xbZa vkSj lcdks ekSr ds ?kkV mrkj fn;kA jktk] mldh jkuh vkSj vkus okyh larku dks lHkh ds lkFk [kRe dj fn;k x;kA feys vo'ks"kksa esa dqN pwfM+;ka vkSj vU; xgus feys ftlls irk pyrk gS fd lewg esa efgyk,a Hkh ekStwn FkhaA rks vxj vki lqijuSpqjy vkSj nsoh&nsorkvksa esa fo'okl djrs gSa rks bl dgkuh dks eku ldrs gSaA vius lkFk fdlh LFkkuh; O;fä dks ys tkb, vkSj jkr ds le; ;g dgkuh muls lqfu,A vkids jksaxVs t:j [kM+s gks tk,axsA ogha ,d nwljh fdonarh ds eqrkfcd frCcr esa 1841 esa gq, ;q¼ ds nkSjku lSfudksa dk ,d lewg bl eqf'dy jkLrs ls xqtj jgk FkkA ysfdu oks jkLrk HkVd x, vkSj [kks x, vkSj dHkh feys ughaA gkykafd ;g ,d fQYeh IykV tSlk yxrk gS ij ;gka feyus okyh gfì;ksa ds ckjs esa ;g dFkk Hkh [kwc çpfyr gSA
nck gS vjckas dk [ktkuk
:idqaM ds ckjs esa tc irk pyk rks ml le; ;g dksbZ
vpaHkk ugha Fkk vkSj Fkk HkhA le; ds lkFk blds ckjs esa
tSls&tSls izpkfjr gksrk x;k oSls&oSls ;gka ds ckjs esa dbZ
dgkfu;ka lkeus vk;h vkSj LFkkuh; yksxksa dh enn ls budh iqf"V
Hkh gqbZA:idqaM ds jgL; ds ckjs esa tc ;g lekpkj i=ksa esa izdkf'kr fd;k
x;k fd >hy esa vjcksa dk [ktkuk fNik gS rks iwjh nqfu;k ;gka vkus yxh vkSj /khjs&
/khjs ;g bruk izpkfjr gks x;k fd ;gka ns'k&fons'k ls ehfM;k dk tekoM+k yxus yxkA ysfdu
:idqaaM ds :i ds jgL; ds ckjs esa vkt fnu rd dksbZ Li"V tkudkjh vkt fnurd fdlh ds ikl ugha gSA
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